oil art

The development of painting through the classical, modern, modern several times and in different times during the painting art of thinking is being affected by control and constraint techniques, showing a different aspect.

Conditions of the early history of oil development has laid a classical realist painting tendencies. 15th century European Renaissance, the humanist thought out criticism of religion, with attention to the positive requirements of social reality, and many famous artists in order to gradually get rid of a single creative theme of the Christian classic, beginning when the characters life , landscape, painted items, and direct observation, so that works with religious themes with a clear and present secular factors, some artists depict real life completely real. Renaissance painters inherited Greek and Roman art the idea that not only focus on work to describe an event or fact, but also to reveal the causes and effects of events or facts, so pay attention to the idea of forming a typical image of a typical plot and the art of shaping the way . At the same time, artists were also exploring anatomy, perspective drawing of the use of science in the picture the role of light and shade, forming the shape of scientific principles. The use of human anatomy so that character has been painting as accurate as the ratio of the real, physical, structural; Focus Lens with the establishment of the composition formed by painting the illusion of deep space, painting in the landscape orientation and the reality of the moment the same visual experience; shading painted the unity of the images sent in one of the main light source, formed by the clear level of near and far. Art theme of humanism and the pursuit of realistic painting style concepts in other species it is not perfect, because the tool material constraints, and painting tools and materials are suitable for the performance of two fully reflected. Thus, classical oil painting after a long-term production, highly realistic look.

Classical oil painting oil painting is the language in the overall factors were the result of the integrated use of the time, but different countries and different periods of the artist on the basis of a special focus on one or several factors, the formation of a different style. Italian Renaissance painter pay more attention to the use of shading, dark objects in a painting of the Ministry of shrouded in shadow, light and dark boundary line was a soft transition, creating a focused and unaware of the effect of the screen. L. da Vinci’s “Madonna of the Rocks” is representative of this style. Netherlands the same period a clear portrait of the artist is all detail objects in a painting, the scene rather than the difference between light and dark color of the transition, R. Campion’s clover altar painting “Annunciation” to detail all the indoor and outdoor show features. Italy, Titian was the first one special focus on oil painting color performance artist, he painted on a dark base, and often close to the brightness, hue, the bright colors slightly different form magnificent golden hue, transparent pigments multiple cascade, suddenly suddenly thin thick strokes, but also the fusion of organic colors and shapes, creating a textured effect.

17th century European classical paintings of the period of rapid development in different regions, the country’s artists live in a society based on their background, national temperament, the painting carried out in different languages to explore the deep, the type of oil paintings by subject matter into historical painting, religion story of painting, group portraits, personal portraits, landscapes, still lifes, genre painting and so on. Painting techniques are also becoming more abundant, and formed a national, regional school of thought.

19th-century European art of oil painting emerged a clear idea of the genre, though mainly in artistic themes and content, but the oil painting techniques each with a corresponding face. Such as the emphasis on painting in the neoclassical style images with a solid sense of the rigorous, consistent with the classical form of traditional law; romanticism around the theme of the tragedy, and strive to color, brush strokes and composition of factors in the campaign-style plot lines to create tension in the painting; pull Rafael, the faction of the paintings focus on psychological and emotional expression of the characters, more screen to blue, purple, green form sentimental tone, the quiet mood … …. Although the face of modern painting has been rich, but has the overall characteristics of realism, which together were as follows: a painting is the art form of the continuum, the main theme of unity with the color screen of the local color, local color gradient in the transition each other to create a harmonious relationship between the color does not exist in isolation; strokes to shape the image of basically the use of the limited degree of exposure, and united in the music long, or short tendency in some order; the images depicted central focus of unity in the composition, the formation and structure of the real effect of the same horizon.

Starting from the 19th century, Western painting has undergone fundamental changes. The art of traditional painting narrow realist style features and integration has reached its own system of highly saturated, so in philosophy, art of change in the concept of the disintegration. Oil is no longer to mimic the natural reproduction of nature as the principle of artistic creation, oil painting artists constructed the image of freedom is treated as a new reality. Artists no longer accurately described through the painting in the form of nature, but will show his paintings as a form of spiritual and emotional world of the media, to imagination, fantasy and other works constructed. After the first three Impressionist painters abandoned the traditional mode of painting. V. Van Gogh’s bold brush strokes to acute illness, so strong, bright colors filled with a strong sense of force, it reflects an inner emotional anxiety. P. Gauguin symbolic colors and shapes to compose the picture, the work space and contrary to the traditional form, with non-descriptive mystery. P. Cezanne geometric form with the probe into the artistic image, creating a rich picture of the world order itself. They work as a sign of dramatic changes in landscape painting.

Part of the 17th century oil painting oil painting emphasizes the sense of light, the use of warm and cold color contrast, brightness intensity contrast, the thickness of layers to create a sense of contrast by light to form a picture dramatic atmosphere. Italian painter Caravaggio painting before he broke the orderly and harmonious in the sense of light effects, he strengthened the screen brightness contrast, often with a large flat screen dark background set off the bright prospects of the characters, it was painted in the bright light. Spanish painter El. Greco will be treated as in the scene under the mottled light and shadow, he is not from the light and dark are two decent, but from the discontinuous distribution of scattered light and dark shapes, colors form a continuous well-being but also the continuous changes in pen solemn, color level, squeezing each other in the infiltration of the screen gives the effect of confusing, or even filling the mysterious and disturbing atmosphere. Dutch painter Rembrandt also the painting of light and the performance of the mental state as a means, he made a lot of portraits, the characters are in the shadow of the large dark, only the performance of expression of the face, hands, etc. important part of showing a distinct brightness. His use of color in the dark calm multilayer thin coating, so that seems dark and deep, while the Ministry of painting light and draw a knife coated with a thick pile color method, resulting in heavy volume sense.

The same period, the use of brush strokes by many artists focus on exploration. Stroke is the oil paints on canvas with paint marks on the motion, full-size oil painting of the early part of a more consistent thickness of paint layers, brush uniform intensity, reveal almost no brush strokes. 17th century artist noted the movement of the stroke when the mood created by the rhythm and emotion driven, the painter in his paintings, the potential to produce the control pen touches the emotions, brush strokes of light, heavy, slow, anxious and direction are shaped not only the image of movement was born, stroke itself with artistic expression.

Vegetable oil to reconcile with transparent pigments, have grounding in the production of cloth, paper, wood and other materials to shape the artistic image of the painting. It originated and developed in Europe, to become the world’s important modern painting. Produced before the 15th century European paintings in egg tempera is a painting of the former. In the use of egg tempera method at the same time, many artists continue to find more desirable to reconcile agent. Generally believed that the early 15th century Netherlandish painter Van Eyck brothers is the founder of oil painting techniques. They try to Yongyou predecessors on the basis of dissolved pigment with linseed oil and walnut oil as a reconciling agent to paint when the brush causing Miaohui smooth, paint drying time on the screen is moderate, easy-to-cover and the painting process several modifications before rich colors and gloss levels, after the paint dry, strong adhesion, easy to peel and fade. They
Creative use of new materials, oil painting, very influential at the time of the painting. Oil painting techniques soon spread in other countries in Western Europe, especially in Venice, Italy to develop rapidly.

Painting materials and tools are the main pigments, brushes, painting knives, canvas, glazing, frame and so on.

① pigments, minerals, and chemical synthesis of the two sub-categories. The original paint, mostly mineral pigments, ground into fine by hand, painting only to reconcile in epistaxis. Modern mass production from the plant, into the tin tube, the type of paint is also increasing. Pigments contained in the performance of its chemical composition, color, the chemistry between the lead paint some adverse reactions. Thus, the performance of paint will help to master oil painting techniques and to work full color enduring.

② brush, using elastic medium made of animal hair, a pointed front circular, flat front flat shape, short front and the fan-shaped and other types of flat.

③ draw a knife, also known as a palette knife, with a flexible thin sheet made of a pointed shape, round shape of the points, used to paint on the palette and mix thoroughly, many painters were written with a knife, a knife directly painting on canvas or in part in the formation of pigment level, texture, increase the expression.

④ canvas, the standard canvas, linen or canvas is tight inside the box in the wood, the use of glue or oil with white powder blending and brushing the surface of the cloth made of. Generally not made of oil and has a grounding effect Gyrosigma, or made under the creative needs of semi-or fully absorbing the base oil. Gyrosigma thickness according to the size of the frame, but also need to select based on paint effects. Some artists use canvas background color coated, easy to form a unified picture of color, his paintings can also inadvertently expose the substrate. After coating, after the end of production, not oil the wood or cardboard can also replace the canvas.

⑤ Varnish is usually done in oil and coated with varnish is dry cover to keep the screen brightness to prevent erosion and fouling the air.

⑥ frame, oil paintings, including a complete frame, especially the strong realistic painting, the viewer of the work frame to form the boundaries of sight, so that the screen appears to complete, focused, painting the images in the viewer the feeling of towards depth. Frame thickness, size, according to work contents. Classical painting frame and more wood, plaster, more modern oil painting frame with aluminum and other metal materials.

Tools and Materials Oil Painting oil painting drawing techniques result in limited complexity. For centuries, artists have created in practice a variety of painting techniques, painting materials to play a full performance results. Painting the main techniques are:

① transparent cover color method, which uses only without the white color of oil dilution by multi-level paint pigments. After each layer must dry the next layer of color, the color of each layer are thinner, the lower the color can vaguely revealed, and the formation of the upper subtle changes of color tone. For example, in the crimson color layer mask painted blue and stable, it will have blue or purple in the cold in the apartment through the wealth effect of the warm, often can not be transferred out of the palette colors. This painting for the performance and solid sense of texture images, in particular, vividly depict the characters can be delicate skin color changes, people feel the blood flowing under the skin the skin. The disadvantage is a narrow color gamut, making the process work fine, a long time to complete the work, the artist is not easy to express real emotions of art.

② opaque cover color method, also known as multi-level shading. Paintings, the first major appearance with body color paint, and then use the color multi-level shape, often painted dark thin, middle tone and highlight the thick coating layers, or cover, or leave, the formation of color contrast. Because different thickness, showing the rich colors and texture rhyme intended. Both transparent and opaque painting there is no strict distinction between a painting of the artist often integrated use. Performance at the dark shadow of the images or when covered with a transparent color method can produce stable, deep sense of volume and spatial sense; opaque rules easy to follow color dark shape in a form other than to increase the screen color saturation. Most of the painters before the 19th century painting by both the production time is generally longer works, some unfinished by the long-term placement after layer, until completely dry after the color paint layer.

③ an opaque coloring, also known as direct coloring. That is to make images on the canvas after the body contour, with the feeling of the color images or the idea of laying of colors colors, essentially an unfinished, not the right place to go and continue with the painting Daogua color adjustments. This painting pigments in each of the relatively strong dip, color saturation, strokes are more clear, easy-to-time painting a vivid expression of feelings. After the mid-19th century, many artists use this painting more. In order to achieve the color layer after the first full color effect, you must pay attention to the use of gesture that coating, commonly divided into Ping Tu Tu, Tu, and thick powder coating. Ping Tu, the intensity is to use one-way, even gestures drawn to a large area coating color, suitable for smooth and stable in the shape of static body composition; Powder coating is based on the painting refers to the body’s natural tendency turning brush, brush strokes compared loose and flexible; thick coating is thick full-size heap or in part, paint, and some form of color layers up to several millimeters or color, texture of the pigment to show the fun, the image has also been strengthened.

Language as an art, oil painting, including color, shading, line, texture, brush strokes, texture, light, space, composition and many other form factors, the role of oil painting techniques that will be of the form factors to be reflected or focused on the individual to , painting material properties provide adequate grounding in the second plane on the possible use of painting techniques. Oil production process is skilled artists consciously control the painting materials, select and use to express artistic ideas, and form the artistic image of the techniques of the creative process. Paintings express the artist gives both the ideological content, but also demonstrated the unique language of oil painting through the development of the classical, modern, modern several times, suffering from different periods of time painting dominated the art of thinking and techniques of the constraints, showing a different aspect.

Self-portrait in red chalk, circa 1512 to 1515.
Birth name Leonardo di Ser Piero
Born April 15, 1452(1452-04-15)
Vinci, in the present day Province of Florence, Italy
Died May 2, 1519 (aged 67)
Amboise, Touraine (in present-day Indre-et-Loire, France)
Nationality Italian
Field Many and diverse fields of arts and sciences
Movement High Renaissance
Works Mona Lisa, The Last Supper, The Vitruvian Man

Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (April 15, 1452 – May 2, 1519) was an Italian polymath: painter, sculptor, architect, musician, scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist and writer. Leonardo has often been described as the archetype of the Renaissance man, a man whose unquenchable curiosity was equaled only by his powers of invention. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest painters of all time and perhaps the most diversely talented person ever to have lived. According to art historian Helen Gardner, the scope and depth of his interests were without precedent and “his mind and personality seem to us superhuman, the man himself mysterious and remote”. Marco Rosci points out, however, that while there is much speculation about Leonardo, his vision of the world is essentially logical rather than mysterious, and that the empirical methods he employed were unusual for his time.

Born the illegitimate son of a notary, Piero da Vinci, and a peasant woman, Caterina, at Vinci in the region of Florence, Leonardo was educated in the studio of the renowned Florentine painter, Verrocchio. Much of his earlier working life was spent in the service of Ludovico il Moro in Milan. He later worked in Rome, Bologna and Venice and spent his last years in France, at the home awarded him by Francis I.

Leonardo was and is renowned primarily as a painter. Two of his works, the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper, are the most famous, most reproduced and most parodied portrait and religious paintings of all time, respectively, their fame approached only by Michelangelo’s Creation of Adam. Leonardo’s drawing of the Vitruvian Man is also regarded as a cultural icon, being reproduced on everything from the euro to text books to t-shirts. Perhaps fifteen of his paintings survive, the small number due to his constant, and frequently disastrous, experimentation with new techniques, and his chronic procrastination. Nevertheless, these few works, together with his notebooks, which contain drawings, scientific diagrams, and his thoughts on the nature of painting, compose a contribution to later generations of artists only rivalled by that of his contemporary, Michelangelo.

Leonardo is revered for his technological ingenuity. He conceptualised a helicopter, a tank, concentrated solar power, a calculator, the double hull and outlined a rudimentary theory of plate tectonics. Relatively few of his designs were constructed or were even feasible during his lifetime, but some of his smaller inventions, such as an automated bobbin winder and a machine for testing the tensile strength of wire, entered the world of manufacturing unheralded. As a scientist, he greatly advanced the state of knowledge in the fields of anatomy, civil engineering, optics, and hydrodynamics.

Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso known as Pablo Ruiz Picasso (Spanish pronunciation: ['paβlo rwiθ pi'kaso]; 25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, draughtsman, and sculptor who lived most of his adult life in France. He is best known for co-founding the Cubist movement and for the wide variety of styles embodied in his work. Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1907) and Guernica (1937), his portrayal of the German bombing of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War.

Picasso demonstrated uncanny artistic talent in his early years, painting in a realistic manner through his childhood and adolescence; during the first decade of the 20th century his style changed as he experimented with different theories, techniques, and ideas. His revolutionary artistic accomplishments brought him universal renown and immense fortune throughout his life, making him one of the best-known figures in 20th century art.

Birth name     Oscar Claude Monet
Born     14 November 1840(1840-11-14)
Paris, France
Died     5 December 1926 (aged 86)
Giverny, France
Nationality     French
Field     Painter
Movement     Impressionism
Works     Impression, Sunrise
Rouen Cathedral series
London Parliament series
Water Lilies
Haystacks
Poplars
Patrons     Gustave Caillebotte, Ernest Hoschedé, Georges Clemenceau
Influenced by     Eugène Boudin, Johan Jongkind, Gustave Courbet

Claude Monet (French pronunciation: [klod mɔnɛ]), born Oscar Claude Monet (14 November 1840 – 5 December 1926), was a founder of French impressionist painting, and the most consistent and prolific practitioner of the movement’s philosophy of expressing one’s perceptions before nature, especially as applied to plein-air landscape painting.The term Impressionism is derived from the title of his painting Impression, Sunrise (Impression, soleil levant).

Early life

Claude Monet was born on 14 November 1840 on the 5th floor of 45 rue Laffitte, in the 9th arrondissement of Paris.[3] He was the second son of Claude Adolphe Monet and Louise Justine Aubrée Monet, both of them second-generation Parisians. On 20 May 1841, he was baptized in the local parish church, Notre-Dame-de-Lorette, as Oscar-Claude, but his parents called him simply Oscar. In 1845, his family moved to Le Havre in Normandy. His father wanted him to go into the family grocery business, but Monet wanted to become an artist. His mother was a singer.

On the first of April 1851, Monet entered Le Havre secondary school of the arts. Locals knew him well for his charcoal caricatures, which he would sell for ten to twenty francs. Monet also undertook his first drawing lessons from Jacques-François Ochard, a former student of Jacques-Louis David. On the beaches of Normandy in about 1856/1857, he met fellow artist Eugène Boudin, who became his mentor and taught him to use oil paints. Boudin taught Monet “en plein air” (outdoor) techniques for painting. Both received the influence of Johan Barthold Jongkind.

On 28 January 1857, his mother died. At the age of sixteen, he left school and went to live with his widowed childless aunt, Marie-Jeanne Lecadre.